Bienestar en el trabajo y comportamiento prosocial en una muestra de trabajadores brasileños

Autores/as

Resumen

La voz prosocial es un comportamiento verbal proactivo y positivamente orientado que el trabaja-dor emite con la intención de promover transformaciones que benefician al grupo u organización. A pesar de ser un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado en otros países, en Brasil hay pocas investiga-ciones dedicadas a este fenómeno. Apoyado por la brecha de la literatura e impulsado por la perspectiva de la Psicología Positiva, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir cómo se manifiestan los comportamientos de voz prosocial (PSV) en diferentes trabajadores brasileños. Además, bus-camos analizar el poder predictivo del bienestar en el trabajo sobre estos comportamientos. A partir de la aplicación de escalas a una muestra de 360 trabajadores brasileños, se realizaron aná-lisis descriptivos, de correlación y de regresión lineal. Los resultados muestran que algunas varia-bles ocupacionales, así como variables individuales, interfieren con la frecuencia de emisión de PSV. Adicionalmente, lo mejor que un trabajador se siente acerca de su trabajo, lo más probable que tenga comportamientos de PSV.

Palabras clave

Voz, Trabajo, Bienestar, Psicología Positiva

Citas

Andrade, Rayana Santedicola (2018). Comportamentos de voz e silêncio nas organizações de trabalho: explorando seus preditores entre organizações e trabalhadores brasileiros. Unpublished Doctoral thesis. Universidade Federal da Bahia-BA

Barry, Michael & Wilkinson, Adrian (2016). Pro-Social or Pro-Management? A Critique of the Conception of Employee Voice as a Pro-Social Behavior within Organizational Behavior. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 54(2), 261–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12114

Bastos, Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt; Carneiro, Laila Leite & Santedicola, Rayana (2018). Comprometimento e voz pró-social nas organizações e no trabalho à luz da psicologia positiva. In: Ana Claudia S. Vazquez & Claudio Simon Hutz (Orgs.), Aplicações da psicologia positiva: Trabalho e organizações. (pp. 201-220). São Paulo: Hogrefe

Bastos, Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt; Carneiro, Laila Leite; Andrade, Rayana Santedicola; Aguiar, Carolina Vila Nova & D’Almeida, Adriana Souza (2019). Escala de voz nas organizações (EVO). In: Claudio Simon Hutz, Denise Ruschel Bandeira, Clarissa Marceli Trentini, Ana Claudia S. Vazquez (Orgs.). Avaliação Psicológica no Contexto Organizacional e do Trabalho (pp. 257-267). Porto Alegre: Artmed

Botero, Isabel C. & Van Dyne, Linn (2009). Employee Voice Behavior. Management Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 84–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318909335415

Borsa, Juliane Callegaro & Seize, Mariana de Miranda (2017). Construção e adaptação de instrumentos psicológicos: dois caminhos possíveis. In: Bruno Figueiredo Damásio & Juliane Callegaro Borsa (Orgs.), Manual de desenvolvimento de instrumentos psicológicos (pp. 15-37). São Paulo: Vetor

Brinsfield, Chad T.; Edwards, Marissa S. & Greenberg, Jerald (2009). Voice and silence in organizations: historical review and current conceptualizations. In: Jerald Greenberg, Marissa S. Edwards. (Orgs.), Voice and Silence in Organizations (pp. 3-33). United Kingdom: Emerald.

Budd, John W.; Gollan, Paul J. & Wilkinson, Adrian (2010). New approaches to employee voice and participation in organizations. Human Relations, 63(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709348938

Burris, Ethan R.; Detert, James R. & Romney, Alexander C. (2013). Speaking up vs. being heard: the disagreement around and outcomes of employee voice. Organization Science, 24(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0732

Cantal, Clara; Borges-Andrade, Jairo E. & Porto, Juliana B. (2015). Cooperação, comportamentos proativos ou simplesmente cidadania organizacional? Uma revisão da produção nacional na área. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 15(3), 286-297. https://doi.org/10.17652/rpot/2015.3.331

Carneiro, Laila Leite & Fernandes, Sônia Regina Pereira (2015). Bem-estar pessoal nas organizações e lócus de controle no trabalho. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 15(3), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.17652/rpot/2015.3.599

D’Almeida, Adriana Souza (2016). Construção e validação de uma medida brasileira de voz e silêncio nas organizações. Unpublished Masters dissertation, Universidade Federal da Bahia

Decreto de Lei n° 229 de 28 de fevereiro de 1967. (1967, 28 de fevereiro). Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Diário Oficial da União, Seção 1. Recuperado de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/Del0229.htm#art443§2

Demo, Gisela, & Paschoal, Tatiane (2016). Well-Being at Work Scale: Exploratory and confirmatory validation in the USA. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 26(63), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272663201605

Dessen, Marina Campos & Paz, Maria das Graças Torres (2010). Validação do instrumento de indicadores de bem-estar nas organizações. Psicologia em Estudo, 15(2), 409-418. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-73722010000200020

Field, Andy (2009). Descobrindo a estatística usando o SPSS. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Gorden, William I. (1988). Range of employee voice. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 1(4), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01556937

Islam, Gazi, & Zyphur, Michael J. (2005). Power, voice, and hierarchy: exploring the antecedents of speaking up in groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 9(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.93

Kaufman, Bruce E. (2015). Theorising determinants of employee voice: An integrative model across disciplines and levels of analysis. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12056

Klaas, Brian S.; Olson-buchanan, Julie B. & Ward, Anna-Katherine (2011). The Determinants of Alternative Forms of Workplace Voice: An Integrative Perspective. Journal of Management, 38(1), 314–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311423823

Knoll, Michael; Wegge, Jürgen; Unterrainer, Christine; Silva, Silvia & Jønsson, Thomas (2016). Is our knowledge of voice and silence in organizations growing? Building bridges and (re)discovering opportunities. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(3–4), 161–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216649857

LePine, Jeffrey A. & Van Dyne, Linn (1998). Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853–868. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.853

LePine, Jeffrey A. & Van Dyne, Linn (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.326

Maynes, Timothy D., & Podsakoff, Philip M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: an examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034284

Morrison, Elizabeth W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2011.574506

Morrison, Elizabeth W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology, 1(7), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328

Nascimento, Thainá Tavares; Laros, Jacob Arie; Porto, Juliana Barreiros & Moraes, Melissa Machado de (2016). Assumir o comando no trabalho: Evidências de validade da versão brasileira da escala. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 32(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15900102-3772e323212

Nemeth, Charlan Jeanne; Connell, Joanie B.; Rogers, John D. & Brown, Keith S. (2001). Improving decision making by means of dissent. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02481.x

Nikolaou, Ioannis; Vakola, Maria & Bourantas, Dimitris (2008). Who speaks up at work? Dispositional influences on employees’ voice behavior. Personnel Review, 37(6), 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480810906892

Omar, Alicia (2010). Antecedentes y consecuencias de los comportamientos prosociales de voz y silencio. Psicología, Cultura y Sociedad, 10, 249–268. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v10i0.399

Parker, Sharon K.; Williams, Helen M. & Turner, Nick (2006). Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 636–652. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.636

Paschoal, Tatiane; Demo, Gisela; Fogaça, Natasha; Ponte, Valter; Edrei, Laylla; Francischeto, Leela & Albuquerque, Gabriela (2013). Bem-estar no trabalho: cenário dos estudos brasileiros publicados na primeira década do novo milênio. Proceedings TMS Inc. Conference 2012: Human Resources, Business Ethics e Governance, 2(Special Issue), 384–395.

Paschoal, Tatiane, & Tamayo, Álvaro (2008). Construção e validação da escala de bem-estar no trabalho. Avaliação Psicológica, 7(1), 11–22.

Rodríguez-Carvajal, Raquel; Moreno-Jiménez, Bernardo; Rivas-Hermosilla, Sara; Álvarez-Bejarano, Abraham & Sanz-Vergel, Ana Isabel (2010). Positive psychology at work: mutual gains for individuals and organizations. Revista de Psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones, 26(3), 235-253. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2010v26n3a7

Rusbult, Caryl E.; Farrell, Dan; Rogers, Glen & Mainous III, Arch G. (1988). Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: an integrative model of responses to declining job status satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599–627. http://doi.org/10.2307/256461

Seligman, Martin E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.5

Silva, Cleide Aparecida da & Ferreira, Maria Cristina (2013). Dimensões e Indicadores da Qualidade de Vida e do Bem-Estar no Trabalho. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 29(3), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722013000300011

Siqueira, Mirlene Maria Matias & Padovam, Valquiria Aparecida Rossi (2008). Bases teóricas de bem-estar subjetivo, bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar no trabalho. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 24(2), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722008000200010

Turban, Daniel B., & Yan, Wan (2016). Relationship of eudaimonia and hedonia with work outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(6), 1006–1020. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2015-0271

Van Dyne, Linn; Ang, Soon & Botero, Isabel C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359–1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384

Van Dyne, Linn; Cummings, Larry L. & Parks, Judi McLean (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 215-285.

Van Dyne, Linn & LePine, Jeffrey A. (1998). Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.2307/256902

Warr, Peter (1978). A study of psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 69, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1978.tb01638.x

Warr, Peter (2007). Learning about employee happiness. Revista Psicologia Organizações e Trabalho, 7(2), 133-140.

Waterman, Alan S. (2007). On the importance of distinguishing hedonia and eudaimonia when contemplating the hedonic treadmill. The American Psychologist, 62(6), 612–3. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X62.6.612

Biografía del autor/a

Laila Leite Carneiro, Universidade Federal da Bahia

Psychologist, PhD in Organizational and Work Psychology, Associate Professor at Federal University of Bahia

Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt Bastos, Universidade Federal da Bahia

Psychologist, PhD in Organizational and Work Psychology, Full Professor at Federal University of Bahia

Publicado

30-04-2020

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.